Tube sheets have holes drilled to accept a series of tubes inside of an enclosed tubular pressure vessel. These pressure vessels， commonly referred to as shell and tube heat exchangers， are the most common heat exchangers used in oil refineries and large chemical plants. The tube sheet itself serves as a supporting element in heat exchangers and boilers. The tube sheet is called this because the tubes–which are carefully arranged in a specific pattern–penetrate the tube sheet in multiple places to allow the fluid within these tubes to flow in and out of the heat exchanger. The fluid flowing through the tubes within the shell exchanges heat with the fluid that flows into the shell but flows past the outside of the tubes exchanging the heat with the tube fluid.

The Process As Follow:

Ingot → heat → forging → heat treatment(normalizing+tempering) → inspection →rough machining → UT→2nd heat treatment → finishing machining → inspection.

A tube sheet is a plate， sheet， or bulkhead which is perforated with a pattern of holes designed to accept pipes or tubes. These sheets are used to support and isolate tubes in heat exchangers and boilers or to support filter elements. Depending on the application， a tube sheet may be made of various metals or of resin composites or plastic. A sheet tube may be covered in a cladding material which serves as a corrosion barrier and insulator and may also be fitted with a galvanic anode. Tube sheets may be used in pairs in heat exchange applications or singularly when supporting elements in a filter.

Stainless Steel 316L Chemical Composition

Applications:

• tubular heat exchangers
• boilers
• pressure vessels
• steam turbines
• large central air conditioners
• condensers
• evaporators